One of the reasons why so many people are drawn to tarot cards is their mysterious symbolism, which has been influenced by various cultures and traditions. While many associate tarot with divination and mysticism, the imagery found in these cards has deep cultural roots.
Tarot cards have been shaped by different civilisations, philosophical schools, and religious traditions worldwide. Understanding the origins of these symbols can enhance your card interpretations and provide deeper insight into how online tarot card reading connects with human history.
Influence of Ancient Egypt
Some 18th-century occultists, including Antoine Court de Gébelin, theorised that tarot cards originated from Ancient Egypt, believing their imagery contained hidden Egyptian wisdom. However, there is no historical evidence to support this claim. While some tarot figures, such as The High Priestess, resemble deities like the Egyptian goddess Isis, and The Fool evokes themes of spiritual journeys similar to those in Egyptian traditions, no direct connection between tarot and Ancient Egyptian religious practices has been established.
Roman and Greek Mythology
Greek and Roman mythology have had a well-documented influence on Western philosophy and symbolism, which extends to tarot. Many tarot cards reflect mythological archetypes. For instance, The Emperor embodies authority and order, similar to Zeus (Greek) or Jupiter (Roman), who were considered rulers of gods. The Lovers card may be associated with legendary romances such as Eros and Psyche or Helen and Paris. The Wheel of Fortune recalls Fortuna, the Roman goddess of luck and fate. Themes of destiny and guidance, central to Greek mythology, also find resonance in the tarot deck.
Christian Symbolism and Medieval Europe
The modern tarot deck as we know it was developed during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in Europe, when Christian symbolism was deeply embedded in society. Cards such as The Hierophant (formerly The Pope) and The Devil include imagery associated with religious teachings, representing themes of morality, temptation, and spiritual guidance. Judgment, a card depicting resurrection and divine reckoning, reflects eschatological beliefs in Christianity. The Death card, often misunderstood, symbolises transformation and renewal, concepts present in Christian teachings.
Jewish Kabbalah and Mysticism
In the 19th century, some occultists began associating tarot with Jewish Kabbalah. The 22 cards of the Major Arcana were linked to the 22 paths of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. While there is no historical evidence that tarot was originally based on Kabbalah, many practitioners interpret the tarot deck as a representation of a spiritual journey similar to the mystical ascent described in Kabbalistic teachings.
Alchemy and Hermeticism
During the Renaissance, European scholars explored alchemy and Hermeticism, both of which emphasised transformation and spiritual enlightenment. Many saw tarot as a symbolic tool for self-discovery and inner transformation. The Magician card, representing mastery over the elements, aligns with alchemical traditions. The Sun, a card symbolising enlightenment, reflects a central goal of alchemy—attaining wisdom and spiritual illumination.
Astrology and Tarot
Astrology has played an important role in the development of tarot symbolism. Many cards are associated with zodiac signs and planetary influences. For example, The Chariot corresponds with Cancer, representing emotional resilience and determination, while The Star aligns with Aquarius, symbolising hope and inspiration. The link between celestial movements and human affairs, a core belief in astrology, is reflected throughout the tarot deck.
Final thoughts
Tarot cards are not rooted in a single culture but instead reflect a blend of diverse traditions. They incorporate wisdom from Ancient Egypt, Greek philosophy, Christian teachings, Kabbalistic mysticism, and esoteric practices. This rich symbolism allows tarot to serve as a bridge between different philosophical and spiritual perspectives throughout history.
By exploring these origins, you can deepen your understanding of the tarot and its role in human spirituality. This article was produced by or for Tarot Atlas and is published by Carved Culture. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of Carved Culture.
